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Conceptual
Prevention of neurocognitive disorders is currently one of the greatest unmet medical challenges. The cognitive effects of solving jigsaw puzzles (JPs) have not been studied so far, despite its frequent use as a leisure activity in all age cohorts worldwide. This study aimed at closing this gap between a lack of science and a frequent real-world use by investigating the cognitive abilities recruited by JP as well as the cognitive benefits of lifetime and 30-day JP experience. A total of 100 cognitively healthy adults (?50 years of age) were randomized to either a 30-day home-based JP intervention (?1 h/day) plus four sessions of cognitive health counseling (JP group) or four sessions of cognitive health counseling only (counseling group). We measured global visuospatial cognition by averaging the scores of eight z-standardized visuospatial cognitive abilities (perception, constructional praxis, mental rotation, speed, flexibility, working memory, reasoning, and episodic memory). JP skill was assessed with an untrained 40 piece JP and lifetime JP experience with retrospective self-report. JP skill was associated with all assessed cognitive abilities (rs ? 0.45, ps < 0.001), and global visuospatial cognition (r = 0.80 [95% CI: 0.72–0.86], p < 0.001). Lifetime JP experience was associated with global visuospatial cognition, even after accounting for other risk and protective factors (? = 0.34 [95% CI: 0.18–0.50], p < 0.001). The JP group connected on average 3589 pieces in 49 hpared to the counseling group, they improved in JP skill (Cohen's d = 0.38 [95% CI: 0.21–0.54], p < 0.001), but not in global visuospatial cognition (Cohen's d = -0.08, [CI: -0.27 to 0.10], p = 0.39). The amount of jigsaw puzzling was related to changes in global visuospatial cognition within the JP group, only after accounting for baseline performance (? = 0.33 [95% CI: 0.02–0.63], p = 0.03). In sum, our results indicate that jigsaw puzzling strongly engages multiple cognitive abilities and long-term, but not short-term JP experiences could relevantly benefit cognition.
Inclusion
Stopping cognitive decrease in ageing such as for instance in lighter cognitive handicap and you can alzhiemer’s disease the most relevant medical demands within the our very own aging people (Winblad et al., 2016). Engagement for the cognitively, individually, and you can socially requiring things is regarding the a lower life expectancy likelihood of intellectual decline and you may alzhiemer’s disease during the observational degree (Valenzuela and you may Sachdev, 2006a,b; Wang ainsi que al., 2013). Many countless randomized controlled intervention samples had been used in order to investigate new causality of them observational results. These studies focused primarily to your cognitive training software (Karbach and you will Verhaeghen, 2014; Lampit et al., 2014), video games (Bediou mais aussi al., 2018), and you may physical activity such as aerobic exercise and you may strength training (Kelly et al., 2014; Young ainsi que al., 2015).
Yet not, the new cognitive benefits associated with a great many other frequently did entertainment circumstances has perhaps not become investigated thus far. One example are jigsaw puzzling: alone inside the Germany, it’s estimated that nearly eight billion JPs have been sold in 2016, ultimately causing market off ˆ75 million (Npdgroup Deutschland GmbH, 2016). The latest jigsaw secret (JP) field inside Europe plus the Us was at complete a great deal more than simply ˆeight hundred mil for the 2016 (The fresh new Npd Category, Inc, 2016; The new Npd Category Inc, 20step 17) step one , almost twice as much because the around the globe cognitive training ).
Jigsaw puzzling may possibly provide a couple ingredients (we.e., active features) you to definitely benefit cognition: earliest, process-specific cognitive requires out of jigsaw puzzling you can expect to join a greater brain reserve (Gelfo et al., 2018), and you will next, regulation out of terrible thoughts as a result of jigsaw puzzling you may avoid persistent be concerned claims that can exert a bad impact on cognitive ageing and you will alzhiemer’s disease in the long run (Lupien ainsi que al., 2009; Wilson et al., 2011).